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#+date: [2019-01-07 Mon 00:00:00]
#+title: CSS Tips: Flexbox, Shadows, Variables
#+description: A few quick tips on modern CSS features.
#+slug: useful-css
#+filetags: :web:
* Introduction to CSS
Cascading Style Sheets ([[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS][CSS]]), the language used to mark up HTML code and give it
a visual style, is one of the most effective ways to increase the attractiveness
of a website. It can also lead to increased user engagement, retention, and
satisfaction. In fact, there are whole career fields dedicated to the
improvement of user experiences, known as User Interface (UI) design and User
Experience (UX) design.
Some web developers are familiar with the common CSS properties, such as element
sizing, fonts, and colors, but are not as well versed in less-used properties
and values such as =flexbox=, =clip-path=, and =transform=. This article will
provide some insight into the less-used and unique CSS properties.
* CSS Variables
The first topic today is CSS variables. Variables are not often used by smaller
developers. CSS variables allow you to give your website a well-defined
structure, where you can easily reuse CSS properties throughout the project.
You can use variables to define things, such as color palettes. Then, you can
use these colors for backgrounds anywhere else in the HTML. You can expand this
and define variables for =primary-text=, =quoted-text=, etc. You can also use
variables to define spacing (e.g. =32px= or =2rem=), which you can then apply to
margins, padding, font sizes, and more.
For example, here are some variables defined at the root of the website, which
allows for any subsequent CSS rules to use those variables:
#+begin_src css
:root {
--primary-color: black;
--secondary-color: white;
}
body {
background-color: var(--primary-color);
color: var(--secondary-color);
}
#+end_src
* CSS Box Shadows
Box shadows were once my mortal enemy. No matter how hard I tried, I just
couldn't get them to work how I wanted. Because of this, my favorite discovery
has been CSSMatic's [[https://www.cssmatic.com/box-shadow][box shadow generator]]. It provides a tool to generate box
shadows using their simple sliders. Surprisingly, this is the reason I learned
how box shadows work! You can use the sliders and watch how the CSS code changes
in the image that the tool displays. Through this, you should understand that
the basic structure for box shadows is:
#+begin_src css
box-shadow: inset horizontal vertical blur spread color;
#+end_src
Now, let's look at some basic examples! You can copy and paste the following
code into a site like CodePen or your own HTML files. Feel free to play around
with the code, experiment, and learn.
*Box Shadow #1*
#+begin_src html
<div class="shadow-examples">
<div class="box effect1">
<h3>Effect 1</h3>
</div>
</div>
#+end_src
#+begin_src css
.box h3 {
text-align: center;
position: relative;
top: 80px;
}
.box {
width: 70%;
height: 200px;
background: #fff;
margin: 40px auto;
}
.effect1 {
box-shadow: 0 10px 6px -6px #777;
}
#+end_src
*Box Shadow #2*
#+begin_src html
<div class="shadow-examples">
<div class="box effect2">
<h3>Effect 2</h3>
</div>
</div>
#+end_src
#+begin_src css
.box h3 {
text-align: center;
position: relative;
top: 80px;
}
.box {
width: 70%;
height: 200px;
background: #fff;
margin: 40px auto;
}
.effect2 {
box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}
#+end_src
Try these box shadows out on your own and see how changing each shadow value
works.
* CSS Flex Box
Now, let's move on to the best part of this article: flex box. The flex box is by
far my favorite new toy. I originally stumbled across this solution after
looking for more efficient ways of centering content horizontally AND
vertically. I had used other methods before, but flex box throws those out the
window. The best part of it all is that flex box is /dead simple/.
Flex Box pertains to the parent div of any element. You want the parent to be the
flex box and the children's behavior modified by the parent's attributes. It's
easier to see this in action that explained, so let's see an example.
*Flex Box*
#+begin_src html
<div class="flex-examples">
<div class="sm-box">
<h3>1</h3>
</div>
<div class="sm-box">
<h3>2</h3>
</div>
</div>
#+end_src
#+begin_src css
.flex-examples {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-start;
align-items: center;
padding: 10px;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}
.sm-box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
width: 20%;
height: 100px;
background: #fff;
margin: 40px 10px;
}
#+end_src
You may notice that we no longer need to use the =top= property for the =h3=
elements in our code. This is because we set the display box to be a flex
container for the small boxes, AND we made the small boxes flex containers for
their elements (the h3 tags). You can nest flex boxes to center content that is
inside centered content.
For the example above, we designated the =justify-content= property to be
=flex-start= so that the boxes stack from the left side of the screen. You can
change this property to =center= to make the boxes appear in the center of the
screen.
For an interactive example, [[https://codepen.io/LandonSchropp/pen/KpzzGo][check out this CodePen]] from [[https://codepen.io/LandonSchropp/][LandonScropp]]. Resize the
window with dice to see how they collapse and re-align.
* Even More CSS
For more inspiration, you can visit [[https://www.codepen.io][CodePen]], [[https://dribbble.com][Dribbble]], or [[https://uimovement.com][UI Movement]] to browse
the collections of amazing web designers.
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