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+# JSON5 – JSON for Humans
+
+[![Build Status](https://app.travis-ci.com/json5/json5.svg?branch=main)][Build
+Status] [![Coverage
+Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/json5/json5/badge.svg)][Coverage
+Status]
+
+JSON5 is an extension to the popular [JSON] file format that aims to be
+easier to **write and maintain _by hand_ (e.g. for config files)**.
+It is _not intended_ to be used for machine-to-machine communication.
+(Keep using JSON or other file formats for that. 🙂)
+
+JSON5 was started in 2012, and as of 2022, now gets **[>65M downloads/week](https://www.npmjs.com/package/json5)**,
+ranks in the **[top 0.1%](https://gist.github.com/anvaka/8e8fa57c7ee1350e3491)** of the most depended-upon packages on npm,
+and has been adopted by major projects like
+**[Chromium](https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/blink/renderer/platform/runtime_enabled_features.json5;drc=5de823b36e68fd99009a29281b17bc3a1d6b329c),
+[Next.js](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/b88f20c90bf4659b8ad5cb2a27956005eac2c7e8/packages/next/lib/find-config.ts#L43-L46),
+[Babel](https://babeljs.io/docs/en/config-files#supported-file-extensions),
+[Retool](https://community.retool.com/t/i-am-attempting-to-append-several-text-fields-to-a-google-sheet-but-receiving-a-json5-invalid-character-error/7626),
+[WebStorm](https://www.jetbrains.com/help/webstorm/json.html),
+and [more](https://github.com/json5/json5/wiki/In-the-Wild)**.
+It's also natively supported on **[Apple platforms](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/jsondecoder/3766916-allowsjson5)**
+like **MacOS** and **iOS**.
+
+Formally, the **[JSON5 Data Interchange Format](https://spec.json5.org/)** is a superset of JSON
+(so valid JSON files will always be valid JSON5 files)
+that expands its syntax to include some productions from [ECMAScript 5.1] (ES5).
+It's also a strict _subset_ of ES5, so valid JSON5 files will always be valid ES5.
+
+This JavaScript library is a reference implementation for JSON5 parsing and serialization,
+and is directly used in many of the popular projects mentioned above
+(where e.g. extreme performance isn't necessary),
+but others have created [many other libraries](https://github.com/json5/json5/wiki/In-the-Wild)
+across many other platforms.
+
+[Build Status]: https://app.travis-ci.com/json5/json5
+
+[Coverage Status]: https://coveralls.io/github/json5/json5
+
+[JSON]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159
+
+[ECMAScript 5.1]: https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/
+
+## Summary of Features
+The following ECMAScript 5.1 features, which are not supported in JSON, have
+been extended to JSON5.
+
+### Objects
+- Object keys may be an ECMAScript 5.1 _[IdentifierName]_.
+- Objects may have a single trailing comma.
+
+### Arrays
+- Arrays may have a single trailing comma.
+
+### Strings
+- Strings may be single quoted.
+- Strings may span multiple lines by escaping new line characters.
+- Strings may include character escapes.
+
+### Numbers
+- Numbers may be hexadecimal.
+- Numbers may have a leading or trailing decimal point.
+- Numbers may be [IEEE 754] positive infinity, negative infinity, and NaN.
+- Numbers may begin with an explicit plus sign.
+
+### Comments
+- Single and multi-line comments are allowed.
+
+### White Space
+- Additional white space characters are allowed.
+
+[IdentifierName]: https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-7.6
+
+[IEEE 754]: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=4610933
+
+## Example
+Kitchen-sink example:
+
+```js
+{
+ // comments
+ unquoted: 'and you can quote me on that',
+ singleQuotes: 'I can use "double quotes" here',
+ lineBreaks: "Look, Mom! \
+No \\n's!",
+ hexadecimal: 0xdecaf,
+ leadingDecimalPoint: .8675309, andTrailing: 8675309.,
+ positiveSign: +1,
+ trailingComma: 'in objects', andIn: ['arrays',],
+ "backwardsCompatible": "with JSON",
+}
+```
+
+A more real-world example is [this config file](https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/feb3c9f670515edf9a88f185301cbd7794ee3e52/third_party/blink/renderer/platform/runtime_enabled_features.json5)
+from the Chromium/Blink project.
+
+## Specification
+For a detailed explanation of the JSON5 format, please read the [official
+specification](https://json5.github.io/json5-spec/).
+
+## Installation and Usage
+### Node.js
+```sh
+npm install json5
+```
+
+#### CommonJS
+```js
+const JSON5 = require('json5')
+```
+
+#### Modules
+```js
+import JSON5 from 'json5'
+```
+
+### Browsers
+#### UMD
+```html
+<!-- This will create a global `JSON5` variable. -->
+<script src="https://unpkg.com/json5@2/dist/index.min.js"></script>
+```
+
+#### Modules
+```html
+<script type="module">
+ import JSON5 from 'https://unpkg.com/json5@2/dist/index.min.mjs'
+</script>
+```
+
+## API
+The JSON5 API is compatible with the [JSON API].
+
+[JSON API]:
+https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON
+
+### JSON5.parse()
+Parses a JSON5 string, constructing the JavaScript value or object described by
+the string. An optional reviver function can be provided to perform a
+transformation on the resulting object before it is returned.
+
+#### Syntax
+ JSON5.parse(text[, reviver])
+
+#### Parameters
+- `text`: The string to parse as JSON5.
+- `reviver`: If a function, this prescribes how the value originally produced by
+ parsing is transformed, before being returned.
+
+#### Return value
+The object corresponding to the given JSON5 text.
+
+### JSON5.stringify()
+Converts a JavaScript value to a JSON5 string, optionally replacing values if a
+replacer function is specified, or optionally including only the specified
+properties if a replacer array is specified.
+
+#### Syntax
+ JSON5.stringify(value[, replacer[, space]])
+ JSON5.stringify(value[, options])
+
+#### Parameters
+- `value`: The value to convert to a JSON5 string.
+- `replacer`: A function that alters the behavior of the stringification
+ process, or an array of String and Number objects that serve as a whitelist
+ for selecting/filtering the properties of the value object to be included in
+ the JSON5 string. If this value is null or not provided, all properties of the
+ object are included in the resulting JSON5 string.
+- `space`: A String or Number object that's used to insert white space into the
+ output JSON5 string for readability purposes. If this is a Number, it
+ indicates the number of space characters to use as white space; this number is
+ capped at 10 (if it is greater, the value is just 10). Values less than 1
+ indicate that no space should be used. If this is a String, the string (or the
+ first 10 characters of the string, if it's longer than that) is used as white
+ space. If this parameter is not provided (or is null), no white space is used.
+ If white space is used, trailing commas will be used in objects and arrays.
+- `options`: An object with the following properties:
+ - `replacer`: Same as the `replacer` parameter.
+ - `space`: Same as the `space` parameter.
+ - `quote`: A String representing the quote character to use when serializing
+ strings.
+
+#### Return value
+A JSON5 string representing the value.
+
+### Node.js `require()` JSON5 files
+When using Node.js, you can `require()` JSON5 files by adding the following
+statement.
+
+```js
+require('json5/lib/register')
+```
+
+Then you can load a JSON5 file with a Node.js `require()` statement. For
+example:
+
+```js
+const config = require('./config.json5')
+```
+
+## CLI
+Since JSON is more widely used than JSON5, this package includes a CLI for
+converting JSON5 to JSON and for validating the syntax of JSON5 documents.
+
+### Installation
+```sh
+npm install --global json5
+```
+
+### Usage
+```sh
+json5 [options] <file>
+```
+
+If `<file>` is not provided, then STDIN is used.
+
+#### Options:
+- `-s`, `--space`: The number of spaces to indent or `t` for tabs
+- `-o`, `--out-file [file]`: Output to the specified file, otherwise STDOUT
+- `-v`, `--validate`: Validate JSON5 but do not output JSON
+- `-V`, `--version`: Output the version number
+- `-h`, `--help`: Output usage information
+
+## Contributing
+### Development
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/json5/json5
+cd json5
+npm install
+```
+
+When contributing code, please write relevant tests and run `npm test` and `npm
+run lint` before submitting pull requests. Please use an editor that supports
+[EditorConfig](http://editorconfig.org/).
+
+### Issues
+To report bugs or request features regarding the JSON5 **data format**,
+please submit an issue to the official
+**[_specification_ repository](https://github.com/json5/json5-spec)**.
+
+Note that we will never add any features that make JSON5 incompatible with ES5;
+that compatibility is a fundamental premise of JSON5.
+
+To report bugs or request features regarding this **JavaScript implementation**
+of JSON5, please submit an issue to **_this_ repository**.
+
+### Security Vulnerabilities and Disclosures
+To report a security vulnerability, please follow the follow the guidelines
+described in our [security policy](./SECURITY.md).
+
+## License
+MIT. See [LICENSE.md](./LICENSE.md) for details.
+
+## Credits
+[Aseem Kishore](https://github.com/aseemk) founded this project.
+He wrote a [blog post](https://aseemk.substack.com/p/ignore-the-f-ing-haters-json5)
+about the journey and lessons learned 10 years in.
+
+[Michael Bolin](http://bolinfest.com/) independently arrived at and published
+some of these same ideas with awesome explanations and detail. Recommended
+reading: [Suggested Improvements to JSON](http://bolinfest.com/essays/json.html)
+
+[Douglas Crockford](http://www.crockford.com/) of course designed and built
+JSON, but his state machine diagrams on the [JSON website](http://json.org/), as
+cheesy as it may sound, gave us motivation and confidence that building a new
+parser to implement these ideas was within reach! The original
+implementation of JSON5 was also modeled directly off of Doug’s open-source
+[json_parse.js] parser. We’re grateful for that clean and well-documented
+code.
+
+[json_parse.js]:
+https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-js/blob/03157639c7a7cddd2e9f032537f346f1a87c0f6d/json_parse.js
+
+[Max Nanasy](https://github.com/MaxNanasy) has been an early and prolific
+supporter, contributing multiple patches and ideas.
+
+[Andrew Eisenberg](https://github.com/aeisenberg) contributed the original
+`stringify` method.
+
+[Jordan Tucker](https://github.com/jordanbtucker) has aligned JSON5 more closely
+with ES5, wrote the official JSON5 specification, completely rewrote the
+codebase from the ground up, and is actively maintaining this project.